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The Ficaria Seaways from the port of Immingham, England, arrived in the port of Gothenburg with few sulphur emissions. The European shipping company DFDS has found an effective means to deal with future international regulations on marine emissions, which is the Alfa Laval Aalborg scrubber system.
Around the reef islands of the Goteborg Archipelago, families on vacation are enjoying the late summer sunshine on the yacht. They may not notice that the chimney of the DFDS ship is more than twice as large as the other large ships in the port. Many people must have seen the large amount of white smoke from the chimney of Ficaria Seaways being different.
“People think that these white smoke are the pollutants that cause pollution,†said Fenaria Seaways chief engineer Soren Pedersen, standing on the deck and looking up at the huge blue-and-white chimney. “They have no consciousness. The white smoke is actually steam, which means that the actual pollution of the ship is much less than most other ships.†The size of the chimney and the steam emitted are because it uses an environmentally friendly technology to remove Ficaria Seaways. Almost all of the sulfur oxides (SOx) and most of the fine particles and other suspended particulates (essentially soot) from the exhaust gas from the Ficaria Seaways. With the Alfa Laval Aalborg exhaust cleaning system, ships can continue to use heavy oil instead of using more expensive low-sulfur fuels to comply with IMO regulations, which will enter into force in the Emission Control Area in 2015. It will take effect globally in 2020.
“I think this is a great idea,†Petersen said. “With this system, we can continue to use high-sulfur fuel. Otherwise, we must start from 2015. Low-sulfur fuel is used, and low-sulfur fuel is very expensive. It is said that low-sulfur oil is twice as expensive as high-sulfur oil, and this money can be saved, so the system can save purchase after several years of installation. cost."
In 2009, Ficaria Seaways installed a scrubbing system in the dry dock. The system is up to 10 meters, so the ship's chimney must be more than twice as large as its class. The scrubber is basically similar to a huge sprinkler that continuously vents water to the exhaust gas – so steam can be seen from the chimney.
When within 12 nautical miles of the coast, the system uses a fresh water mode, in which case it is a closed system that uses recycled gas. The fresh water mode uses an Alfa Laval high-speed separator to separate the collected sewage. "Or else, we have to change the water every eight or nine hours," Peterson said. "We don't have enough fresh water on the boat to change the water frequently." The residue from the sewage will be collected and sent. Go to shore for safe handling.
The exhaust scrubber installed on the Ficaria Seaways is the largest exhaust scrubber currently in use in the world's marine industry.
The technology was first developed jointly by Alfa Laval Aalborg and the diesel engine manufacturer MAN. The technology is based on Alfa Laval Aalborg's existing tanker inert gas system scrubber, which has been modified to clean diesel exhaust and has been tested on a Danish 1 MW land-based engine. After the test was successful, the technology was scaled up and installed on the Ficaria Seaways in 2009.
The ship is powered by a 21 MW MAN B&W two-stroke main engine that emits 200,000 kilograms of exhaust gas per hour. The fuel used by Ficaria Seaways is heavy oil with a sulfur content of 2.2%. The exhaust gas is washed by a scrubber, and the sulfur oxide content can be reduced to 0.1%, which is also the requirement of the International Maritime Organization regulations that came into effect in 2015. .
The Alfa Laval Aalborg Exhaust Cleaning Program is a hybrid scrubber, a mixed system of seawater and freshwater. “It can be described simply as a large shower room inside a ship's chimney,â€
Olav Knudsen, head of Alfa Laval Aalborg Cleanroom R&D, explained, “The scrubber uses a seawater mixed with caustic soda or a freshwater sprinkler to exhaust the main engine.â€
The first stage of the washing process uses the heat in the exhaust gas intercepting device to heat the spray water. In the second stage, the exhaust gas is cooled by water injection and most of the soot particles in the exhaust gas are removed. In the third stage, the residual sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gas is further cleaned. In order to prevent obvious condensation and corrosion, first remove small droplets from the exhaust gas and then discharge it through the ship's chimney.
“When using the seawater mode, we can wash more than 98% of the sulfur from the exhaust gas,†Knudsen said. “When using the fresh water mode, we can remove more than 99% of the sulfur and filter out 80% of the particles. We expect It has a large market demand, because installing a scrubber on board is a very good business case, especially for ships in the emission control area after 2015, when the price gap between low-sulfur fuel and normal fuel will be very different. ."
New technologies will play a very important role in the solution, and this scrubber is certainly the most important one. "When it reaches the territorial sea, it becomes an open system that can pump seawater to the ship to clean the exhaust gas and then discharge it into the sea. The seawater already has a high sulfate content, and experts say that even the world's entire oil reserves All the sulfates in the water are poured into the sea, and it is difficult to measure the change in sulfate levels.
Gert Jakobsen, vice president of corporate communications at DFDS Group, said the shipping industry faces many challenges to meet the imminent new environmental regulations, but the most tests are needed to address sulfur oxide emissions. “The new regulations force us to reduce the sulfur content of fuel to 0.1%, which is our biggest challenge,†he said. “The regulations clearly state that the sulfur content must be reduced to 0.1%, or find a method with the same effect. In the program, new technologies will play a very important role, and this kind of scrubber will definitely be the most important one. We certainly can't install it on all our ships in 2015, not all ships. It is suitable for installation, but it is really a good tool to solve some problems. We are very pleased that the efficiency of the scrubber has been verified.†Jacobson said that the solution has exceeded our expectations. “It works very well in terms of sulfur content and particulate matter treatment.â€
However, why did DFDS invest in such a solution six years before the sulphide regulations came into effect? Jacobson said that part of the reason is to evaluate various options to prepare for 2015, and also to reduce the environmental impact of the company's efforts to expand the product line. Like many other ship owners and operators, DFDS welcomes initiatives to improve the environmental performance of the shipping industry. The company set a goal of reducing CO2 emissions to 10% in five years, investing in new high-efficiency propellers and establishing a planning system to select the most energy-efficient routes for the ship to achieve this goal.
But the company also believes that regulations are coming too quickly. “Overall, we support a variety of initiatives to reduce the environmental impact of the industry,†Jacobson said. “But we believe that sulfur control measures are too early and too strong. It may force maritime transport to decrease, and it is equivalent to the route. The land transportation has increased significantly. We think this will have a negative impact on the environment."
The islands are dotted with white sails and overlooking this idyllic landscape. Chief engineer Peterson says he knows his ship is a pioneer in the use of a new technology that has proven to significantly reduce harmful sulfur oxide emissions. And the particles, this feeling is really great. “We have to take steps to control these substances that are released into the atmosphere – this is absolutely necessary,†he said. “It’s always a good thing to say that legislation is a good thing, but it’s too fast, and legislation is too early. We have to do something to protect the environment, so legislation and technology are effective methods if used properly."