A lathe is used to fashion a rotating piece of raw metal, wood, or composite into a precise configuration using movable cutting tools, or bits set to varying depths. The process, known as turning, or machining, is most often accomplished with a horizontal lathe. Often, however, space or material constraints, sometimes even personal preferences, necessitate the use of a vertical lathe. Vertical Lathe,Vertical Lathe Machine,Vertical Turret Lathe,Cnc Vertical Lathe Jiangsu Hoston Machine Tools Co., Ltd. , https://www.hosdunmachinetools.com
Essentially a horizontal lathe turned on end, a vertical lathe, also called a boring tool, is composed of basically the same parts as a horizontal lathe. As implied, the functions of vertical lathes are performed up and down, rather than side to side, as is the case with horizontal lathes. This vertical alignment allows short, heavy, bulky materials to be machined more efficiently than with a horizontal lathe.
All lathes, vertical or horizontal, are comprised of the same basic parts. The headstock encloses the spindle and chuck, the parts that actually turn the material. The bed catches the shavings, and also serves as a brace for the horizontal lathe. The feedscrew and leadscrew, mounted on the lathe carriage, adjust the speed and distance traveled by the cutters along the stock. The cross slide and compound rest position the toolbox, which, in turn, mounts the bits.
The tailpost, at the opposite end of the lathe spindle, clutches the stock and braces it, thus eliminating wobble and vibration. The headstock and tailpost may be at the upper or lower end of a vertical lathe, or to the right or left end of a horizontal lathe. Either way, the headstock is one end of the lathe, the tailstock, the other.
Vertical lathes may be vertical turret lathes (VTL), where a turret holds various toolboxes, allowing little wasted time resetting bits during the machining process. There are also computer numerical control (CNC) vertical lathes in which the entire machining process is computer operated.
The top of the lathe pyramid are the CNC vertical turret lathe machines, most often used to turn stainless steel into precision parts for engines, turbines, transmissions, etc. These machines, though expensive to purchase and operate, are perfectly suited to the task, saving space, as well as over-stressed equipment. A CNC VTL can also be used on alloys to efficiently turn precision bearings and gears.
A vertical lathe can used on rough wood in a home workshop, mainly for its space-saving attribute. Many home hobbyists, however, simply feel more comfortable turning wood up and down, rather than side to side. Altogether, the vertical lathe is a very capable and versatile tool.
What is the POE switch? I believe everyone knows everything, but usually we will hesitate when purchasing POE switches. After all, there are thousands of POE switches on the market. It is dazzling to look at it casually. To buy a good POE switch, we still have to work harder. As a manufacturer specializing in the development and production of POE switches, transceivers and other optical communication products, there is still a bit of discourse right here. How can we buy them? And affordable POE switches, let's learn together!
The important thing to buy a POE switch is to look at the parameters. The POE switch purchased with the following parameters must be a good switch. We together look!
1, packet forwarding rate
The first parameter to look at is the "packet forwarding rate". The packet forwarding rate of the switch marks the size of the switch's ability to forward packets. The unit is generally pps (packages per second), and the packet forwarding rate of general switches ranges from tens of Kpps to several hundred Mpps. Packet forwarding rate refers to how many million packets (Mpps) a switch can forward per second, that is, the number of packets that the switch can forward at the same time. The packet forwarding rate reflects the switching capability of the switch in units of packets.
An important indicator for determining the packet forwarding rate is the backplane bandwidth of the switch. The higher the backplane bandwidth of a switch, the stronger the ability to process data and the higher the packet forwarding rate.
Calculation method: x0.1488Mpps for 100M ports, 1.400Mpps for Gigabit ports, X14.88Mpps for 10G ports, and then add all ports. Or take the example of the PS104 PoE switch above, there are 4 100M power ports, and 1 100M network port, packet forwarding rate = 5x0.1488Mbps = 0.744Mpps.
2, backplane bandwidth
The second is the "backplane bandwidth". The backplane bandwidth of the switch is also called the backplane capacity. It is the amount of large data that can be handled between the switch interface processor or the interface card and the data bus. The backplane bandwidth marks the total data exchange capacity of the switch, in Gbps. The backplane bandwidth of a typical switch ranges from a few Gbps to hundreds of Gbps. The higher the backplane bandwidth of a switch, the better the ability to process data, but at the same time the design cost will be higher.
Many people will confuse the backplane bandwidth with the switching capacity. In fact, the switching capacity is generally smaller than the backplane bandwidth, and some of the switching capacity is equal to the backplane bandwidth. The switching capacity is the transmission capacity of the core CPU and bus.
3, the number of ports
Then the number of ports of the "ports" switch device of the POE switch is an intuitive measure of the switch. Usually, this parameter is for a fixed port switch. The number of common standard fixed port switch ports is 4, 8, and 12. , 16, 24, 48 and so on. In addition, some switches also provide dedicated uplink ports, such as 24+2 switches, 24 ports for downlink, generally 100 Mbps or Gigabit for electrical ports; 2 ports for uplink, and uplink ports are generally Gigabit. Port, port has electrical and optical ports. When you buy, you should consider the actual application, and the right one is good.
4, network management functions
Network management functions, as the name implies, network management functions refer to the operations of network administrators to centrally manage resources on the network through network management procedures, including configuration management, performance and accounting management, problem management, operation management, and change management. . The degree of management supported by a device reflects the manageability and operability of the device. If the requirements are not high, you don't have to choose a PoE switch with a network management. It can be unmanaged, and the price is cheap.
5, port transmission rate
The port transmission speed refers to the data exchange speed of the switch port, also called the port bandwidth. Currently, there are several types such as 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, and 1000 Mbps. In addition, there are 10GMbps switches. The port transmission speed needs to match the connected network device to achieve the port's large performance. For example, a 100Mbps device can access a 1000Mbps switch port and can only work in 100Mbps mode.
Keep in mind that all PoE switch port rates are now adaptive, such as a port rate of 10/100/1000 Mbps, which means the transmission rate can be 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1000 Mbps.
6, delay
Latency is the time interval between the receipt of a packet from the switch and the start of replication of the packet to the destination port. There are many factors that can affect the size of the delay, such as forwarding technology. Switches using pass-through forwarding technology have a fixed delay. Because the straight-through switch does not depend on the destination address to determine the forwarding direction, regardless of the overall size of the packet. Therefore, its delay is fixed, depending on the rate at which the switch interprets the destination address in the first 6 bytes of the packet.
A switch using store-and-forward technology begins to forward packets because it has to receive a complete packet, so its latency is related to the packet size. If the data packet is large, the delay is large; when the data packet is small, the delay is small. The perceived delay in practical applications also comes from the loss time of mechanisms such as platform access, transcoding, and forwarding.
The above are some of the basic parameters of the POE switch brought to you by Tianbo Communication. Shenzhen Tianbo sincerely serves you!