Soil Testing and Formula Fertilization: Improve Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Reduce Environmental Pollution

Soil testing and formula fertilization is a brand-new concept proposed by the Chinese government for China's national conditions. Soil testing and formula fertilization refers to soil analysis using soil analyzers or soil testers to analyze soils, mainly soil nutrients, contents, trace elements, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. , PH value, pH, whether to salinize, microbial species, etc., then scientific fertilization according to the conditions measured by the soil tester, to achieve the maximum efficiency of fertilizer use, to avoid fertilizer waste can effectively reduce the environmental pollution.

Through the implementation of soil testing and formula fertilization projects, the first step was to increase understanding of soil testing and fertilizer application. Through the development of this project, governments at all levels, business departments, and all walks of life were highly concerned about this work, and through publicity and Public opinion makes it a household name, and the scientific and rational concept of balanced formula fertilization has fundamentally changed the traditional fertilization habits of “multiple production and prolific, diazo-phosphate light potassium micro, heavy chemical fertilizer light organic fertilizer” and enhanced the concept of scientific fertilization. It has effectively promoted the improvement of the quality, quantity, and safety of local agricultural products, and promoted the sustainable, sound and rapid development of resource-saving, ecologically-protective, and production-efficient modern agriculture. The second is to find out the status of soil nutrients in Subei County, Aksai County, and related agricultural and forestry farms. Through the use of routine analysis methods to test soil alkalinity of nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and other elements and the availability of sulfur, zinc, manganese, copper, iron and other elements, to find out the status of soil nutrients in the project area, the soil nutrient trend from The second soil survey "N deficiency, phosphorus deficiency, and potassium enrichment"

The change to "low nitrogen, medium phosphorus, and medium potassium" provides an important basis for correctly guiding the farmers in scientific fertilization. The third is to establish a perfect database management system. The input, management, and reporting of the database are all staffed, equipped with relatively independent office and computer, network and other hardware facilities, and constantly innovating data entry methods. The project involves the "Sampling Parcel Basic Survey Form", "Farmer Fertilization Status Survey Form", "Soil Test Result Data Summary Form" and "3414" Complete Test, Calibration Test and Field Demonstration Data, and Fertilizer Formulation Calculation and Operation Data, All use "test soil fertilization management software" for management. The effective docking of Jiuquan City's data and provincial data management was realized, and the guidance and supervision of the superior business units on the soil testing and fertilization projects in Jiuquan City was strengthened; and the “test soil fertigation expert system” was used to “enlarge prescription fertilizers for farmers”. On-site guidance of farmers to conduct scientific and rational fertilization and improve work efficiency.

Through the popularization and application of soil testing and fertilizing techniques, soil nutrients in arable land are more reasonable, utilization rate of chemical fertilizers is improved, soil structure is improved, nutrient leaching is avoided, physical and chemical properties of soil are improved, quality of agricultural products is improved, and soil fertility also follows crops. The steady increase in production has increased the soil eco-environmental system, which has promoted the sustainable development of agriculture and the production of high-quality, high-yield, high-efficiency and pollution-free agricultural products in Subei and Aksai animal husbandry counties and related agricultural and forestry farms. At the same time, the use of organic fertilizers mainly consisting of crop stalks has been promoted through large-scale applications, and the reuse of agricultural waste has been realized. The phenomenon of straw burning in the field is basically eliminated in the project area, and the pollution of agricultural waste to the environment has been reduced. Control of agricultural non-point source pollution.

In the implementation of soil testing and fertilization work projects, although we have taken some effective measures and achieved certain results, we have explored and summarized many good examples and experiences, but there are also some problems, mainly manifested in: regional distribution is relatively wide and scattered. The lack of basic data such as maps has increased the difficulty of making sample distribution maps and nutrient distribution maps. It is recommended that the upper-level business units continue to provide technical support; crop cultivation is complex, and the climate and soil types are relatively different, leading to formula fertilizer. Production and promotion are more difficult. It is recommended that the soil testing and fertilizer application technology be a long-term measure. The grass-roots technical force is weak. Subei and most farms lack technology service systems, which increases the difficulty of work. It is recommended to strengthen the project units. Exchanges, carry out technical training, and improve the professional level of technical personnel.